|
CHAPTER
III
CURRICULUM (SUBJECT-WISE)
9. Pre-clinical
subjects - Phase I : In
the teaching of these subjects stress shall be laid on
basic principles of the subjects with more emphasis on
their applied aspects.
(1)
HUMAN ANATOMY
(i)
Goal
The broad
goal of the teaching of undergraduate students in Anatomy aims at providing comprehensive knowledge of the gross and
microscopic structure and development of human body to provide
a basis for
understanding the clinical correlation
of organs or structures involved and the anatomical basis
for the disease presentations.
ii)
Objectives :
A)
Knowledge :
At the end of the course the student should be able to
a. comprehend
the normal disposition, clinically relevant interrelationships, functional
and cross sectional anatomy of the various structures in the body.
b. identify the
microscopic structure and correlate elementary ultra-structure
of various organs and tissues and correlate the structure with the
functions as a prerequisite for understanding the altered state in various
disease processes.
c. comprehend
the basic structure and connections of the central nervous system to
analyse the integrative and regulative functions of the organs and
systems. He/She should be able to locate the site of gross lesions
according to the deficits
encountered.
d.
demonstrate knowledge of the basic principles and sequential
development
of the organs and systems, recognise the critical stages of
development and the effects of common teratogens, genetic mutations and
environmental hazards. He/She should be able to explain the developmental
basis of the major variations and abnormalities.
(B)
Skills :
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
(a)
identify and locate all the structures of the body and mark the
topography of the living anatomy.
(b) identify the organs and tissues
under the microscope.
(c)
understand the principles of karyotyping and identify the gross
congenital anomalies.
(d)
understand principles of newer imaging techniques and
interpretation of Computerised Tomography (CT) Scan, Sonogram etc.
(e)
understand clinical basis
of some
common clinical
procedures i.e.,
intramuscular & intravenous injection, lumbar puncture and kidney
biopsy etc.
(C)
Integration
From
the integrated teaching of other basic sciences, student should be able
to
comprehend
the
regulation and integration of the functions of the organs and
systems in the body and thus interpret the anatomical basis of disease
process.
(2)
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING BIO-PHYSICS
(A)
PHYSIOLOGY
i)
GOAL
The broad goal of the teaching of undergraduate students in
Physiology aims at providing the student comprehensive knowledge of the
normal functions of the organ
systems of the body to facilitate an understanding of the physiological
basis of health and disease.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a) KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course the student will
be able to :
(1)
explain the normal functioning of all the organ systems and their
interactions for well coordinated total body function.
(2)
assess the relative contribution of each organ system to the
maintenance of the milieu interior.
(3) elucidate the
physiological aspects of normal growth and development.
(4) describe the physiological
response and adaptations to environmental stresses.
(5)
list the physiological principles underlying pathogenesis and
treatment of disease.
b)
SKILLS
At the end of the course the student should
be able to :
(1) conduct experiments
designed for study of
physiological phenomena.
(2) interpret
experimental/investigative data.
(3)
distinguish between normal and abnormal data derived as a result
of tests which he/she has performed and observed in the laboratory.
c)
INTEGRATION
At
the
end of the integrated teaching the
student should acquire an integrated knowledge of organ structure
and function
and its regulatory mechanisms.
(B)
BIOPHYSICS
(a) GOAL & OBJECTIVES : The
broad goal
of teaching Biophysics
to undergraduate
students is that they should understand basic physical principles
involved in the functioning of body organs in normal and diseased
conditions.
Total time for teaching Biophysics
= 5 hours
Out of which : 1. Didactic lectures
= 3 hours
2. Tutorial/group discussion
= 1 hour
3. Practical
= 1 hour
(b) Topic
distribution
(1) Lectures
:
(i)
Physical principles of transport across cell memberanes and across
capillary wall.
ii)
Biopotentials.
iii) Physical principles governing
flow of blood in heart
and blood vessels. Also physical
principles governing
flow of air
in air passages.
2. Tutorial/group
discussion: On
the topic covered in didactic lectures.
3. Practicals:
Demonstration of :
a) Biopotential on oscilloscope
b) Electro Encephalogram (EEG)
c) Electro Myelogram (EMG)
d) Electro Cardiogram (ECG)
(3) BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemistry including medical
physics and
Molecular Biology.
i) GOAL
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate students in biochemistry is to make them understand the
scientific basis of the life
processes at the molecular level and
to orient
them towards the application
of the knowledge acquired
in solving clinical
problems.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a) KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to :
(1) describe the molecular and functional organization of a cell and
list its subcellular components;
(2)
delineate structure, function and
inter-relationships of biomolecules and consequences of deviation
from normal;
(3)
summarize the fundamental aspects of enzymology and clinical
application wherein regulation of enzymatic activity is altered;
(4)
describe digestion and
assimilation of nutrients and
consequences of malnutrition;
(5) integrate the various
aspects of metabolism and their
regulatory pathways;
(6)
explain the biochemical basis of inherited
disorders with their
associated sequelae;
(7)
describe mechanisms involved in maintenance of
body fluid and pH
homeostasis;
(8)
outline the molecular
mechanisms of gene expression
and regulation, the
principles of genetic engineering
and their application
in medicine;
(9)
summarize the molecular concepts of body defence and
their application in medicine;
(10) outline the
biochemical basis
of environmental
health hazards, biochemical basis of cancer and carcinogenesis;
(11) familiarize with the principles of various conventional and
specialized laboratory
investigations and
instrumentation analysis and interpretation of a given data;
(12) the ability to suggest
experiments to support theoretical concepts and clinical diagnosis.
b.
SKILLS:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to :
(1) make use of conventional techniques/instruments to
perform biochemical analysis relevant to clinical screening and
diagnosis;
(2) analyze and interpret investigative data;
(3) demonstrate the skills of solving scientific
and clinical problems
and decision making;
c. INTEGRATION
The knowledge acquired
in biochemistry should help
the students to integrate
molecular events
with structure
and function of the human body in health and disease.
(4)
INTRODUCTION TO HUMANITIES & COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Including Introduction to
the subjects of Demography, Health Economics,
Medical Sociology,
Hospital Management,
Behavioral Sciences inclusive of Psychology.
OBJECTIVES
a) KNOWLEDGE
The student shall be able to :
1. explain the principles of sociology including
demographic population dynamics;
2.
identify social
factors related to health,
disease and disability in the context of urban and rural societies;
3. appreciate
the impact of urbanization on health and disease;
4. observe
and interpret the dynamics of community behavior;
5. describe
the elements of
normal psychology
and social psychology;
6.
observe the principles of practice of medicine in
hospital and community setting;
(b). SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to make use of:
(1) Principles of practice
of medicine
in hospital and
community settings and
familiarization with elementary
nursing practices.
(2)
Art of
communication with patients
including history
taking and medico-social work.
Teaching of community medicine,
should be both theoretical as well as
practical. The practical
aspects of
the training programme
should include visits to the health establishments
and to the
community where health intervention
programmes are
in operation.
In
order to inculcate in
the minds of the
students the basic
concepts of community
medicine to be introduced in
this phase of
training, it is suggested that the detailed
curriculum drawn should
include at
least 30
hours of
lectures, demonstrations, seminars etc. together with atleast 15
visits of two hours each.
10. PARA
CLINICAL SUBJECTS OF PHASE II
9.1 PATHOLOGY:
i) GOAL
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate student in
Pathology is to
provide the
students with
a comprehensive
knowledge of the mechanisms
and causes of disease, in
order to enable
him/her to achieve complete understanding of the
natural history and clinical
manifestations of disease.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a) KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student should be able to :-
(1)
describe the structure and ultrastructure of a sick
cell, mechanisms of
cell degeneration, cell death and repair
and be able to correlate structural and functional alterations.
(2)
explain the pathophysiological processes which govern the
maintenance of homeostasis,
mechanisms of their disturbance and
the morphological and clinical manifestations associated with it.
3. describe
the mechanisms and patterns to tissue response to injury
such that she/he
can appreciate the pathophysiology of disease processes
and their clinical manifestations.
4. correlate
normal and
altered morphology
(gross and microscopic) of different organ systems in common
diseases to the extent needed
for understanding of disease processes
and their clinical
significance.
b.
SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:-
1.
describe the
rationale and
principles of
technical procedures of the diagnostic laboratory
tests and interpretation of the results;
2.
perform the simple bed-side tests on blood, urine and other
biological fluid samples;
3.
draw a
rational scheme
of investigations
aimed at diagnosing
and managing the cases of common disorders;
4.
understand biochemical/physiological
disturbances that
occur as a result of disease
in collaboration with pre clinical
departments.
c. INTEGRATION
At the
end of training he/she should be able
to integrate the causes of disease and relationship of different
etiological factors (social,
economic and environmental) that contribute
to the natural history of diseases most prevalent in India.
9.2 MICROBIOLOGY
i) GOAL
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate students in Microbiology
is to
provide an understanding
of the
natural history of infectious disease in order to deal with the
etiology, pathologenesis, laboratory
diagnosis, treatment and control
of infections in the community.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a.
KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
1.
state the infective micro-organisms of the human
body and describe the host parasite relationship.
2.
list pathogenic
micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites,
fungi) and describe the pathogenesis of the diseases produced by them.
3.
state or indicate the modes of transmission
of pathogenic and opportunistic organisms and their sources, including
insect vectors responsible for transmission of infection.
4.
describe the mechanisms of immunity to infections.
5.
acquire knowledge
on suitable antimicrobial
agents for treatment of infections and scope of immunotherapy and
different vaccines available for prevention of communicable diseases.
6.
apply methods of disinfection and sterilization to
control and prevent hospital and community acquired infections.
7.
recommend laboratory
investigations regarding
bacteriological examination of food, water, milk and air.
(b). SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
1.
plan and
interpret laboratory
investigations for
the diagnosis of infectious diseases and to correlate the clinical
manifestations with the etiological agent.
2.
identify the
common infectious agents with
the help of
laboratory procedures and use antimicrobial sensitivity tests to select suitable antimicrobial agents.
3.
perform commonly employed bed-side tests for
detection of infectious agents
such as blood film for malaria, filaria,
gram staining and AFB staining and stool sample for ova cyst.
4.
Use the correct method of collection, storage and
transport of clinical material for microbiological investigations.
c. INTEGRATION
The student
should understand
infectious diseases
of national importance in relation to the clinical, therapeutic
and preventive aspects.
(3) PHARMACOLOGY
i)
GOAL:
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate students in
Pharmacology is to inculcate a rational and scientific basis
of therapeutics.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a. KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to:
1. describe
the pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of essential and commonly used drugs.
2. list
the indications, contraindications, interactions
and adverse reactions of commonly used drugs.
3. indicate
the use of appropriate drug in a particular disease with consideration to
its cost, efficacy and safety for
i)
individual needs.
ii)
mass therapy under national health program.
4. describe
the pharmacokinetic basis, clinical presentation,
diagnosis and management of common poisonings.
5.
list the drugs of addiction and recommend the management.
6. classify environmental and
occupational pollutants and state the management
issues.
7. indicate causations
in prescription of drugs
in special medical
situations such as pregnancy, lactation, infancy and
old age.
7.
integrate the concept of rational drug therapy in
clinical pharmacology.
9. state the principles underlying the concept
of 'Essential Drugs'
10. evaluate
the ethics
and modalities
involved in
the development and introduction of new drugs.
b. SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to:
1. prescribe drugs for common ailments.
2. recognise adverse
reactions and interactions of
commonly used drugs.
3. observe
experiments designed for study of effects of
drugs, bioassay and interpretation of the experimental data.
4. scan
information on common pharmaceutical preparations
and critically evaluate drug formulations.
c. INTEGRATION
Practical
knowledge of use of
drugs in clinical practice will be
acquired through
integrated teaching
with clinical
departments and pre clinical departments.
(4)
FORENSIC MEDICINE INCLUDING TOXICOLOGY
i)
GOAL;
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate students in
Forensic Medicine is to produce a physician who is well
informed about medicolegal
responsibilities in
practice of
medicine. He/She will also be capable of making observations and
inferring conclusions by
logical deductions to set enquiries on the
right track in
criminal matters and connected
medicolegal problems.
He/She acquires knowledge of law in relation to medical practice, medical
negligence and respect for codes of medical ethics.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a. KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to:
1. identify
the basic medicolegal
aspects of
hospital and general
practice.
2. define
the medicolegal
responsibilities of
a general
physician while
rendering community service either in
a rural primary health
centre or an urban health centre.
3. appreciate
the physician's responsibilities in
criminal matters and respect for the codes of medical ethics.
4. diagnose,
manage and identify also legal aspects of
common acute and chronic poisonings.
5. describe the
medicolegal aspects and findings of post-mortem examination in case of
death due to common unnatural conditions & poisonings.
6. detect
occupational and environmental poisoning,
prevention and epidemiology
of common poisoning and their
legal aspects
particularly pertaining to Workmen's Compensation Act.
7. describe the general principles of analytical
toxicology.
b) SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student should be able to :-
1.
make observations
and logical
inferences in
order to initiate
enquiries in criminal matters and medicolegal problems.
2.
diagnose and
treat common emergencies in
poisoning and manage
chronic toxicity.
3. make
observations and interpret findings
at postmortem
examination.
4. observe
the principles of medical ethics in the practise
of his profession.
(c) INTEGRATION
Department
shall provide an
integrated approach
towards allied disciplines like Pathology, Radiology, Forensic
Sciences, Hospital Administration
etc. to
impart training
regarding medicolegal responsibilities
of physicians at all levels
of health care. Integration with relevant disciplines will
provide scientific basis of
clinical toxicology
e.g. medicine,
pharmacology etc.
(5) COMMUNITY
MEDICINE
i) GOAL :
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate students in
Community Medicine is to prepare them to function as community and
first level physicians in accordance with the
institutional goals.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a) KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to :-
(1) describe
the health
care delivery
system including
rehabilitation of the disabled in the country;
(2) describe
the National Health Programmes
with particular
emphasis on maternal and child health programmes, family
welfare planning and population control.
(3) list epidemiological
methods and describe their application
to communicable and
non-communicable diseases in
the community or hospital
situation.
(4) apply biostatistical methods and techniques;
(5) outline
the demographic
pattern of
the country
and appreciate the roles of the
individual, family, community
and socio-cultural milieu in health and disease.
(6) describe the health information systems.
(7) enunciate
the principles and components of primary
health care and
the national health
policies to achieve the
goal of 'Health for
All'.
(8)
identify the
environmental and occupational
hazards and their
control.
(9)
describe the
importance of water and sanitation in
human health.
(10) to
understand the principles of health
economics, health
administration, health
education in relation to community.
b) SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to :-
(1) use
epidemiology as a scientific tool to
make rational
decisions relevant
to community
and individual
patient intervention.
(2) collect, analyse,
interpret and present simple community and hospital based data.
(3) diagnose and manage
common health problems and emergencies
at the individual, family and
community levels keeping in mind the existing
health care resources and in the
context of
the prevailing socio-cultural beliefs.
(4).
diagnose and manage maternal and child health problems
and advise a couple and the community on the family planning
methods available in the context of the national priorities.
(5)
diagnose and
manage common nutritional problems
at the individual and
community level.
(6)
plan, implement and evaluate a health
education programme
with the skill to use simple audio-visual aids.
(7) interact
with other members of the health
care team
and participate in
the organisation of health care
services and
implementations of national health programmes.
c). INTEGRATION
;
Develop
capabilities of synthesis between cause of
illness in the environment or community and individual health and
respond with leadership qualities to institute remedial measures for this.
11. CLINICAL SUBJECTS OF PHASE II & PHASE III
The teaching
and training
in clinical
subjects will
commence at the beginning of Phase II and
continue throughout
The
clinical subjects will be taught to prepare
the MBBS graduates to
understand and manage clinical problems at the level of a practitioner. Exposure to subject matter will be limited to orientation and
knowledge required of a general doctor.
Maximum attention to the diagnosis and management of the most
common and important
conditions encountered in general practice
should be emphasised in all
clinical subject
areas. Instructions in clinical subjects
should be given both in out patient
and in-patient during
clinical posting.
Each of
the clinical departments shall provide
integrated teaching calling
on pre-clinical, para-clinical
and other clinical
departments to join in exposing the students to the full range
of disciplines relevant to each clinical area
of study. Problem
approach will
be emphasised
based on
basic social sciences
and a continuation of clinical and laboratory syllabi to optimally
understand and manage each clinical condition.
The course shall comprise of:
(1) MEDICINE & ITS ALLIED SPECIALITIES;
(A) MEDICINE:
i)
GOAL:
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate students in
Medicine is
to have the
knowledge, skills
and behavioral
attributes to
function effectively
as the
first contact
physician.
ii) OBJECTIVES
(a) KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
(1)
diagnose common clinical disorders with special reference to
infectious diseases,
nutritional disorders,
tropical and
environmental diseases.
(2)
outline various
modes of
management including
drug therapeutics especially dosage,
side effects,
toxicity, interactions, indications and contra-indications.
(3)
propose diagnostic and investigative procedures and
ability to interpret them.
(4)
provide first level management of acute emergencies promptly and
efficiently and decide the timing and level of referral,
if required.
(5) recognize
geriatric disorders and their management.
b. SKILLS;
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
(1)
develop clinical
skills (history
taking, clinical
examination and
other instruments of examination)
to diagnose various
common medical disorders and emergencies.
(2)
refer a
patient to secondary and/or tertiary
level of health care
after having instituted primary care.
(3)
perform simple routine investigations like haemogram, stool, urine,
sputum and biological fluid examinations.
(4) assist
the common bedside investigative procedures
like pleural tap,
lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration/biopsy
and liver biopsy.
c. INTEGRATION;
(1) with community
medicine and
physical medicine
and rehabilitation to
have the knowledge and
be able
to manage important
current national health programs, also to be
able to view
the patient in his/her total physical, social and
economic milieu.
(2) with other relevant
academic inputs which provide scientific basis of clinical
medicine e.g.
anatomy, physiology,
biochemistry, microbiology, pathology and pharmacology.
(B) PEDIATRICS
Pediatrics
including Neonatology
The
course includes systematic instructions in
growth and development, nutritional needs of a child, immunization
schedules and management of common diseases of infancy and childhood,
scope of Social Pediatrics and counselling.
i) GOAL
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate students in
Pediatrics is to
acquire adequate knowledge and
appropriate skills for optimally
dealing with major health
problems of children
to ensure their optimal growth and development.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a. KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to:
(1) describe
the normal growth and development
during foetal life,
neonatal period,
childhood and adolescence
and outline deviations
thereof.
(2) describe the
common paediatric disorders and emergencies
in terms of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical
manifestations, diagnosis, rational therapy and rehabilitation.
(3) state
age related
requirements of
calories, nutrients,
fluids, drugs etc. in health and disease.
(4)
describe preventive
strategies for
common infectious
disorders, malnutrition, genetic and
metabolic disorders,
poisonings, accidents and child abuse.
(5) outline national
programmes relating to child health including immunisation programmes.
b. SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
(1) take a detailed
pediatric history, conduct an
appropriate physical examination of children
including neonates,
make clinical diagnosis, conduct common
bedside investigative
procedures, interpret common laboratory investigation results and plan and
institute therapy.
(2) take
anthropometric measurements, resuscitate
newborn infants at birth, prepare oral rehydration
solution, perform
tuberculin test, administer
vaccines available
under current national
programs, perform
venesection, start
an intravenous saline
and provide nasogastric feeding.
(3) conduct
diagnostic procedures
such as
lumbar puncture, liver
and kidney
biopsy, bone
marrow aspiration,
pleural tap and ascitic tap.
(4) distinguish
between normal
newborn babies
and those
requiring special care and
institute early care to all new born
babies including
care of preterm and low birth
weight babies, provide
correct guidance and counselling in breast feeding.
(5).
provide ambulatory
care to all sick
children, identify
indications for
specialized/inpatient care and
ensure timely referral
of those who require hospitalization.
(c). INTEGRATION
The training
in pediatrics should prepare the
student to deliver
preventive, promotive,
curative and
rehabilitative services for
care of children both
in the
community and
at hospital as
part of a team in an
integrated form
with other
disciplines, e.g.
Anatomy, Physiology,
Biochemistry, Microbiology,
Pathology, Pharmacology,
Forensic Medicine,
Community Medicine and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
(C) PSYCHIATRY
i) GOAL
The aim of teaching the undergraduate
student in psychiatry is to impart such
knowledge and skills that may enable
him to diagnose and treat
common psychiatric
disorders, handle
psychiatric emergencies and to
refer complications/unusual
manifestations of
common disorders
and rare
psychiatric disorders to the specialist.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a.
KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
(1) comprehend nature and
development of different aspects
of normal human
Behaviour like
learning, memory,
motivation, personality and intelligence;
(2) recognize differences between normal and abnormal behaviour;
(3) classify psychiatric disorders;
(4). recognize clinical
manifestations of the following
common syndromes and plan
their appropriate management of
organic psychosis, functional psychosis,
schizo-phrenia, affective
disorders, neurotic
disorders, personality disorders,
psycho-physiological disorders, drug and alcohol dependence,
psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence;
(5) describe
rational use of
different modes of
therapy in psychiatric
desorders.
b. SKILLS;
The student should be able to:
(1)
interview the patient and understand different
methods of
communications in patient-doctor relationship;
(2)
elicit detailed
psychiatric case
history and
conduct clinical examination for assessment of mental status;
(3) define,
elicit and interpret psycho-pathological
symptoms and signs.
(4) diagnose
and manage common psychiatric disorders;
(5) identify
and manage psychological reactions and
psychiatric disorderes in medical and surgical patients in clinical
practice and in community setting.
c. INTEGRATION;
Training
in Psychiatry
should prepare
the students
to deliver preventive,
promotive, curative
and re-habilitative
services for the care
of patients both
in the
family and community
and to
refer advance
cases to
a pecialised
Psychiatry/Mental Hospital.
Training should be integrated
with the departments
of Medicine, Neuro Anatomy, Behavioral
Sciences and Forensic medicine.
D DERMATOLOGY
AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
I) GOAL:
The
aim of
teaching the
undergraduate student in
Dermatology, S.T.D. and Leprology is to impart such knowledge and skills
that may enable him to diagnose and treat common
ailments and to refer rare
diseases or
complications/unusual manifestations of common diseases, to the
specialist.
ii) OBJECTIVES:
a. KNOWLEDGE:
At the
end of the course of Dermato-S.T.D. and
Leprology, the student Shall be able to:
1. demonstrate
sound knowledge
of common
diseases, their
clinical manifestations,
including emergent situations
and of investigative
procedures to confirm their diagnosis:
2.
demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of
various modes
of therapy used in treatment of respiratory diseases;
3.
describe the mode of action of commonly used
drugs, their doses, side-effects/toxicity, indications and
contra-indications and interactions;
4.
describe commonly used
modes of management including
the medical and
surgical procedures available for the
treatment of various diseases and to offer a comprehensive plan of
management for a given disorder;
b. SKILLS:
The student should be able to:
1.
interview the
patient, elicit
relevant and
correct information and describe the history in a chronological
order.
2.
conduct clinical examination, elicit and interpret
physical findings and diagnose common disorders and emergencies;
3.
perform simple, routine investigative and office
procedures required for
making the
bed-side diagnosis,
especially the
examination of scrapings for fungus, preparation of slit
smears and staining for AFB for leprosy patients and for STD cases;
4.
take a skin biopsy for diagnostic purposes;
5.
manage common diseases recognizing the need for referral for
specialized care, in case of
inappropriateness of
therapeutic response;
(E)
TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES :
(I)
Goal: The aim of teaching the undergraduate student in Tuberculosis
and Chest Diseases is to impart such knowledge and sills that may enable
him/her to diagnose and manage common ailments affecting the chest with
the special emphasis on management and prevention of Tuberculosis and
especially National Tuberculosis control programme.
(i)
OBJECTIVES:
(a)
Knowledge
At
the end of the course of Tuberculosis and Chest-diseases, the student
shall be able to :
(1)
demonstrate sound knowledge of common chest diseases, their
clinical manifestations, including emergent situations and of
investigative procedures to confirm their diagnosis.
(2)
Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of various modes of therapy
used in treatment of respiratory diseas;
(3)
Describe the mode of action of commonly used drugs, their doses,
side-effects/toxicity, indications and contra-indications and
interactions;
(4)
Describe commonly used odes of management including medical and
surgical procedures available for treatment of various diseases and to
offer a comprehensive plan of management inclusive of National
Tuberculosis Control Programme.
(b)
The student shall be able to :
(1)
interview the patient, elicit relevant and correct information and
describe the history in chronological order;
(2)
conduct clinical examination, elicit and interpret clinical findings
and diagnose common respiratory disorders and emergencies;
(3)
perform simple, routine investigative and office procedures
required for making the bed side diagnosis, especially sputum collection
and examination for etiologic organisms especially Acid Fast Bacilli
(AFB), interpretation of the chest x-ray and respiratory function test;
(4)
interpret and manage various blood gases and PH abnormalities in
various respiratory diseases.
(5)
Manage common diseases recognizing need for referral for
specialized care, incase of inappropriateness of therapeutic response;
6.
assist in the performance of common procedures, like laryngoscopic
examination, pleural aspiration, respiratory physiotherapy, laryngeal
intubation and pneumo-thoracic drainage/aspiration.
c. INTEGRATION:
The broad
goal of effective
teaching can
be obtained through integration
with departments
of Medicine,
Surgery, Microbiology, Pathology,
Pharmacology and Preventive &
Social Medicine.
(2) SURGERY & ITS ALLIED
SPECIALITIES
(A) SURGERY - including
Paediatric Surgery:
i)
GOAL:
The broad goal of the teaching of undergraduate students
in Surgery is to
produce graduates capable of delivering
efficient first contact surgical care.
ii) OBJECTIVES:
a. KNOWLEDGE:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
1.
describe aetiology, pathophysiology, principles of diagnosis and
management of common surgical problems including emergencies, in adults
and children.
2.
define indications and
methods for fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy including blood transfusion.
3.
define asepsis,
disinfection and sterilization
and recommended judicious use of antibiotics.
4. describe common
malignancies in the country
and their management
including prevention.
5.
enumerate different
types of anaesthetic
agents, their
indications, mode of administration, contraindications and
side effects.
b. SKILLS:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
1.
diagnose common surgical conditions both acute and
chronic, in adult and children.
2.
plan various laboratory tests for surgical
conditions and
interpret the results.
3.
identify and manage patients of hemorrhagic, septicaemic and other
types of shock.
4.
be able to maintain
patent air-way and resuscitate
i)
a critically injured
patient
ii)
patient with cardio-respiratory
failure
iii)
a drowning case
5.
monitor patients
of head, chest,
spinal and
abdominal injuries, both in adults and children.
6. provide
primary care for a patient of burns.
7.
acquire principles of
operative surgery,
including pre-operative,
operative and post operative care and monitoring.
8. treat
open wounds including preventive
measures against
tetanus and gas gangrene.
9.
diagnose neonatal and
pediatric surgical emergencies
and provide sound
primary care before
referring the
patient to
secondary/tertiary centres.
10.
identify congenital anomalies and refer them for appropriate
management.
In addition
to these he
should have
observed/assisted/ performed the following:
1. Incision
and drainage of abscess
2. Debridement
and suturing open wound
3. Venesection
4. Excision
of simple cyst and tumours
5. Biopsy
of surface malignancy
6. Catheterisation
and nasogastric intubation
7. Circumcision
8. Meatotomy
9. Vasectomy
10. Peritoneal
and pleural aspirations
11. Diagnostic
proctoscopy
12. Hydrocele
operation
13. Endotracheal
intubation
14. Tracheostomy
and cricothyreidotomy
15. Chest
tube insertion.
(c). INTEGRATION:
The undergraduate
teaching in surgery should be integrated
at various stages with different pre and para and other clinical
departments.
B. ORTHOPEDICS:
a.
KNOWLEDGE:
The student should be able to:
1.
explain the principles of recognition of bone injuries
and dislocation.
2.
apply suitable
methods to
detect and
manage common
infections of bones and joints.
3.
identify congenital, skeletal anomalies and their
referral for appropriate correction or rehabilitation.
4. recognize
metabolic bone diseases as seen in this country.
5.
explain etiogenesis, manifestations, diagnosis of
neoplasm affecting bones.
b. SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
1.
Detect sprains and
deliver first aid measures for common
fractures and sprains and
manage uncomplicated fractures of
clavicle, Colles's, forearm, phallanges etc.
2.
Techniques of splinting, plaster, immobilization etc.
3.
Management of common bone infections, learn indications
for sequestration, amputations
and corrective
measures for
bone deformities.
4. Aspects
of rehabilitation for Polio, Cerebral
Palsy and Amputation.
c. APPLICATION:
Be able to perform certain orthopedic
skills, provide sound advise
of skeletal and related conditions at primary or secondary health care
level.
d. INTEGRATION:
Integration
with anatomy, surgery, pathology, rediology
and Forensic Medicine be done.
C. RADIO-DIAGNOSIS
AND RADIOTHERAPY
A
RADIODIAGNOSIS &
IMAGING:
i)
GOAL:
The broad
goal of
teaching the
undergraduate medical
students in
the field of
Radio-diagnosis should be aimed at making
the students realise
the basic need of
various radio-diagnostic
tools in medical practice. They should be aware of the techniques required
to be undertaken in different situations
for the diagnosis of
various ailments as well as during prognostic estimations.
ii)
OBJECTIVES
a. KNOWLEDGE:
The student should be able to:
1. understand
basics of X-ray production, its uses and hazards.
2.
appreciate and diagnose changes in bones - like
fractures, infections, tumours and metabolic bone diseases.
3.
identify and
diagnose various
radiological changes
in disease conditions
of chest and mediastinum, skeletal
system, G.I. Tract, Hepatobiliary system and G.U. system.
4.
learn about various imaging techniques, including
isotopes C.T., Ultrasound, M.R.I. and D.S.A.
b. SKILL
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1.
use basic protective
techniques during
various imaging
procedures.
2.
Interpret common
X-ray, radio-diagnostic techniques in
various community situations.
3.
advise appropriate
diagnostic procedures
in specialized
circumstances to appropriate specialists.
B
RADIOTHERAPY
i) GOAL:
The
broad
goal
of
teaching
the
undergraduate
medical students
in
the field of Radiotherapy is to make
the
students understand the magnitude of the ever-increasing cancer
problem in the country. The students must be made aware about steps
required for the prevention and possible cure of this dreaded condition.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a. KNOWLEDGE:
The students should be able to:
1.
identify symptoms and
signs of various cancers and
their steps of investigations
and management.
2.
explain the effect of radiation therapy on human beings
and the basic principles involved in it.
3. know about
radio-active isotopes and
their physical
properies
4.
be aware of the
advances made in radiotherapy
in cancer management and knowledge of various radio therapeutic
equipment while treating a patient.
b. SKILL:
At the
completion of the training programme,
the student should be
able to:
1.
take a detailed clinical history of the case
suspected of having a
malignant disease.
2.
assist various specialists in administration of
anticancer drugs and
in application and use of
various radiotherapeutic
equipment, while treating a patient.
(3)
OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
i)
GOAL:
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate students in
Otorhinolaryngology is
that the
undergraduate student
have acquired adequate knowledge and skills for optimally dealing
with common disorders and emergencies and principles of rehabilitation of
the impaired hearing.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a. KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
1.
describe the basic pathophysiology of common
ENT diseases and
emergencies.
2.
adopt the rational use of commonly used drugs,
keeping in mind their
adverse reactions.
3.
suggest common
investigative procedures
and their
interpretation.
b. SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
1.
examine and diagnose common ENT problems including the
pre-malignant and malignant disorders of the head and neck.
2.
manage ENT problems at the first level of care and be
able to refer whenever necessary.
3.
Assist/carry out minor
surgical procedures
like ear
syringing, ear dressings, nasal packing etc.
4.
assist in
certain procedures
such as
tracheostomy, endoscopies and removal of foreign bodies.
c. INTEGRATION:
The undergraduate training in ENT will
provide an integrated approach towards
other disciplines
especially neurosciences,
ophthalmology and general surgery.
4. OPHTHALMOLOGY
i) GOAL:
The broad goal of the teaching of students
in ophthalmology is to provide such
knowledge and skills to the
students that shall
enable him to practice as a clinical and as a primary
eye care physician and
also to function effectively as a community
health leader to assist
in the
implementation of
National Programme for
the prevention of blindness and rehabilitation
of the visually
ii) OBJECTIVES
a. KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student should have
knowledge of:
1. common
problems affecting the eye:
2. principles
of management of major ophthalmic emergencies
3. main
systemic diseases affecting the eye
4. effects
of local and systemic diseases on patient's
vision and the
necessary action required to minimise the
sequalae of such diseases;
5. adverse
drug reactions with special reference to
ophthalmic manifestations;
6. magnitude of blindness in India and its main causes;
7. national
programme of
control of
blindness and
its implementation at various levels
8. eye care education for prevention of eye problems
9. role of primary health centre in organization of eye
camps
10. organization of primary health care and the functioning
of the ophthalmic assistant.
11. integration of
the national
programme for
control of blindness
with the other national health programmes;
12. eye bank organization
b. SKILLS:
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to:
1. elicit a
history pertinent to general health
and ocular status;
2.
assist in
diagnostic procedures such
as visual
acuity testing, examination of
eye, Schiotz
tonometry, Staining
for Corneal pathology, confrontation perimetry, Subjective
refraction including correction
of presbyopia
and aphakia,
direct ophthalmoscopy and
conjunctival smear examination
and Cover test.
3. diagnose and treat common problems affecting the eye;
4. interpret ophthalmic signs in relation to
common systemic
disorders;
5. assist/observe
therapeutic procedures
such as
subconjunctival injection,
Corneal/Conjunctival foreign
body removal, Carbolic
cautery for corneal ulcers, Nasolacrimal
duct syringing and tarsorraphy;
6. provide first aid in major ophthalmic emergencies;
7. assist to organise community surveys for visual check
up;
8. assist to organise primary eye care service through
primary health centres;
9. use effective
means of communication with the public
and individual to motivate
for surgery in cataract and
for eye donation;
10. establish rapport
with his
seniors, colleagues
and paramedical workers, so as to effectively function as a member
of the eye care team.
c. INTEGRATION
The undergraduate training in Ophthalmology will provide
an integrated approach
towards other
disciplines especially neurosciences, Otorhino-laryngology,
General Surgery
and Medicine.
10.5. OBSTETRICS
AND GYNAECOLOGY
Obstetrics
and Gynaecology to
include family welfare
and family planning.
i) GOAL:
The broad goal of the teaching of
undergraduate students in
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
is that
he/she should
acquire understanding of
anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of
the reproductive system
and gain the ability to
optimally manage
common conditions affecting it.
ii) OBJECTIVES
a. KNOWLEDGE
At the end of the course, the student
should be able to:
1.
Outline the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of
the reproductive system and the common conditions affecting it.
2. detect normal pregnancy, labour puerperium and
manage the problems
he/she is likely to encounter therein.
3. list the leading causes of maternal and perinatal
morbidity and mortality.
4. understand the
principles of contraception and
various techniques employed, methods of medical termination of
pregnancy, sterilisation and their complications.
5.
identify the
use, abuse and side effects of
drugs in pregnancy,
pre-menopausal and post-menopausal periods.
6. describe the national programme of maternal and child
health and family welfare and their implementation at various levels.
7. identify
common gynaecological diseases and
describe principles of their management.
8. state the
indications, techniques and
complications of
surgeries like
Caesarian section,
laparotomy, abdominal
and vaginal hysterectomy, Fothergill's operation
and vacuum
aspiration for M.T.P.
b. SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
1. examine
a pregnant woman; recognise high risk
pregnancies and make appropriate referrals.
2. conduct a
normal delivery, recognise complications
and provide postnatal care.
3. resuscitate the newborn and recognise congenital
anomalies.
4. advise
a couple
on the use of
various available
contraceptive devices and
assist in insertion in and removal of
intra-uterine contraceptive devices.
5. perform pelvic
examination, diagnose and
manage common
gynaecological problems
including early detection
of genital
malignancies.
6.
make a vaginal cytological smear, perform a post coital test and
wet vaginal smear
examination for
Trichomonas vaginalis,
moniliasis and gram stain for gonorrhoea.
7. interpretation of data of investigations like
biochemical, histopathological, radiological, ultrasound etc.
c. INTEGRATION:
The student should be able to integrate clinical skills with other
disciplines and bring about coordinations of family welfare programmes for
the national goal of population control.
d.
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR TRAINING:
1. attendance of a maternity hospital or the maternity
wards of a general hospital including
(i) antenatal
care (ii)
the management of
the puerperium and (iii) a minimum
period of
5 months in-patient
and out-patient
training including
family planning.
2.
of this period of clinical instruction, not less
than one month shall be spent as a resident pupil in a maternity
ward of a general hospital.
3. during this period, the student shall conduct at
least 10 cases of
labour under adequate supervision and assist in 10 other cases.
4.
a certificate showing the number of cases of labour attended by
the student in the
maternity hospital and/or patient
homes respectively, should
be signed by a responsible medical officer
on the staff of the hospital and should state:
(a) that the
student has been present during
the course
of labour and
personally conducted each case, making the
necessary abdominal and
other examinations under the supervision of the
certifying officer who should describe his official position.
(b)
that satisfactory written histories of the cases
conducted 5ncluding wherever possible antenatal and postnatal
observations, were presented by the student and initialed by
the supervising
officer.
5.
FAMILY PLANNING:
Training in Family Planning should be emphasized in all
the three phases and
during internship as per guideline provided
in Appendix A.
6.
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
The teaching
and training
of community
medicine will
continue during the first two semesters of phase III (clinical
Phase). The goals, objectives
and skills to be acquired by
the student has already been outlived
in Phase II(Para
Clinical Phase).
|
